РОЛЬ УРОГЕНИТАЛЬНЫХ МИКОПЛАЗМ И УРЕАПЛАЗМ В ПАТОЛОГИИ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ И ИСХОДАХ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Урогенитальные микоплазмы (Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium) и уреаплазмы (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum) широко распространены среди женщин и мужчин репродуктивного возраста, нередко становясь причиной бесплодия и осложнений беременности. В обзоре рассмотрены данные о частоте выявления данных микроорганизмов при бесплодии у обоих полов, их роли в развитии воспалительных процессов, влиянии на качество спермы, а также на течение беременности (преждевременные роды, вертикальная передача, послеродовые осложнения). Особое внимание уделено современным методам диагностики, значению количественных ПЦР-тестов и растущей проблеме антибиотикорезистентности. Представлены подходы к профилактике и перспективы дальнейших исследований.

1. Khadijeh Ahmadi et al. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma parvum and Mycoplasma genitalium in infertile couples and effect on semen parameters. Ethiopian J Health Sci. 2023;33(1):133-142.

2. Fatemeh Sameni et al. Evaluation of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in infertile women compared to pregnant women. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;42(6):2151-2155.

3. Maria Frölund et al. Comparison between culture and multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay detecting Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum. PLoS One 2014;9(7):e102743.

4. Sobouti B. et al. Colonization of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women and their transmission to offspring. Iran J Microbiol. 2014;6(4):219-224.

5. Machado Ldel P. et al. Efficacy of four commercial kits for laboratory diagnosis of urogenital mollicute infection. Can J Microbiol. 2014;60(9):613-617.

6. Aydogan P. et al. Does cervical ureaplasma/mycoplasma colonization increase the risk of lower uterine segment bleeding during cesarean section in patients with placenta previa? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(16):2243-2247.

7. Jamalazadeh Bahaabadi S. et al. Isolation and molecular identification of Mycoplasma hominis in infertile female and male reproductive system. Nephrourol Mon. 2014;6(6):e22390.

8. Румянцева Т.А. и соавт. Сравнение тестов для качественной оценки Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma hominis. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2014;59(8):52-57.

Rumyanceva T.A. i soavt. Sravnenie testov dlya kachestvennoj ocenki Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma hominis. Klinicheskaya laboratornaya diagnostika. 2014;59(8):52-57.

9. Sobouti B, Fallah S, Mobayen M, Noorbakhsh S, Ghavami Y. Colonization of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women and their transmission to offspring. Iran J Microbiol. 2014;6(4):219-224.

10. Koucký M. et al. Long-term progesterone use is associated with less frequent cervico-vaginal colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum during pregnancy - Results of a pilot study. J Reprod Immunol. 2016;116:35-41.

11. Murtha AP, Edwards JM. The role of mycoplasma and ureaplasma in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2014;41(4):615-627.

12. Liu L. et al. High bacterial load of ureaplasma may be associated with nonspecific cervicitis. Scand J Infect Dis. 2014;46(9):637-641.

13. Schmitt M. et al. Multiplexed microparticle-based profiling of sexually transmitted infections. J Infect. 2014;69(2):123-133.

14. Xie J и соавт. Mycoplasma genitalium membrane proteins associated with lipids induce endocervical epithelial cells to express β-defensin-2. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2014;30(12):1266-1270.

15. Khadijeh Ahmadi et al. Lower sperm motility in men infected with C. trachomatis and U. parvum. Ethiopian J Health Sci. 2023;33(1):133-142.

16. Hasebe A. et al. A potential pathogenic factor of Mycoplasma hominis is a TLR2-dependent, macrophage-activating, P50-related adhesin. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014;72(3):285-295.

17. Campos GB et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis in the urogenital tract of Brazilian women. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:60.

18. Fettweis JM et al. Emerging mycoplasma associated with trichomoniasis, vaginal infections, and disease. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e110943.

19. Marovt M. et al. Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum are detected with equal frequency among women with and without symptoms. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;34(6):1237-1245.

20. Takanashi M. et al. Development and clinical application of the InvaderPlus® assay for detection of genital mycoplasmas. J Infect Chemother. 2015;21(7):516-519.

21. Wang SX et al. Pathogens in marked prostatic secretion and their association with serum prostate-specific antigen. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2014;20(8):715-718.

22. Skiljevic D. et al. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2016;82(1):37-41.

23. Nijhuis RH et al. High levels of macrolide resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium require antibiotic susceptibility-based treatment. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(9):2515-2518.

24. Lau A. et al. Efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of genital Mycoplasma genitalium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(9):1389-1399.

25. Schneider SC et al. Antibiotic Susceptibility and Sequence Type Distribution of Ureaplasma Species Isolated from Genital Samples in Switzerland. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(10):6026-6031.

26. Falk L, Enger M, Jensen JS. Time to eradication of Mycoplasma genitalium after antibiotic treatment in men and women. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(11):3134-3140.

27. Ekiel A. et al. Prevalence of urogenital mycoplasmas among men with non-gonococcal urethritis in Upper Silesia, Poland. Pol J Microbiol. 2016;65(1):93-95.